Chronobiol Med > Volume 1(2); 2019 > Article |
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Conflicts of Interest
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Seog Ju Kim. Data curation: Jichul Kim, Somin Kim. Formal analysis: Jichul Kim, Somin Kim. Funding acquisition: Seog Ju Kim. Investigation: Jichul Kim, Seog Ju Kim. Methodology: Seog Ju Kim. Project administration: Seog Ju Kim. Resources: Seog Ju Kim. Supervision: Sehyun Jeon, Seog Ju Kim. Validation: Sehyun Jeon, Seog Ju Kim. Visualization: Jichul Kim. Writing—original draft: Jichul Kim. Writing—review & editing: Somin Kim, Sehyun Jeon, Seog Ju Kim.
Total (n=207) | Male (n=122) | Female (n=85) | t-value | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 42.0±8.92 | 43.1±8.69 | 40.41±9.06 | 2.15* | 0.033 |
Morningness–Eveningness | |||||
MEQ score | 49.89±8.48 | 51.08±7.58 | 48.17±9.41 | 2.36* | 0.019 |
Defense mechanisms | |||||
Immature defense style | 3.37±0.74 | 3.21±0.70 | 3.60±0.73 | -3.85*** | 0.000 |
Acting out | 3.45±1.09 | 3.27±1.04 | 3.71±1.12 | -2.87** | 0.005 |
Projection | 2.93±0.85 | 2.83±0.84 | 3.07±0.85 | -1.98* | 0.049 |
Splitting | 3.86±0.91 | 3.83±0.97 | 3.83±0.97 | -0.50 | 0.621 |
Fantasy | 3.22±1.33 | 2.95±1.23 | 3.61±1.39 | -3.61*** | 0.000 |
Passive aggression | 3.38±0.94 | 3.32±0.96 | 3.46±0.92 | -1.05 | 0.295 |
Consumption | 3.40±1.13 | 3.07±1.07 | 3.87±1.05 | -5.26*** | 0.000 |
Adaptive defense style | 3.56±0.77 | 3.50±0.77 | 3.55±0.76 | 0.14 | 0.890 |
Denial | 3.81±0.94 | 3.82±1.00 | 3.80±0.87 | 0.20 | 0.844 |
Humor | 3.62±1.36 | 3.56±1.32 | 3.71±1.42 | -0.76 | 0.446 |
Omnipotence | 3.26±1.01 | 3.20±0.98 | 3.33±1.06 | -0.90 | 0.368 |
Sublimation | 3.54±0.99 | 3.67±1.04 | 3.36±0.89 | 2.23* | 0.027 |
Self-inhibiting defense style | 3.91±0.70 | 3.90±0.66 | 3.94±0.77 | -0.40 | 0.688 |
Suppression | 4.12±0.90 | 4.16±0.86 | 4.07±0.97 | 0.70 | 0.483 |
Reaction formation | 3.47±1.05 | 3.48±1.06 | 3.45±1.04 | 0.17 | 0.865 |
Withdrawal | 4.29±1.34 | 4.36±1.38 | 4.20±1.30 | 0.87 | 0.387 |
Undoing | 3.78±0.96 | 3.60±0.94 | 4.04±0.94 | -3.32** | 0.001 |
Conflict-avoiding defense style | 3.08±0.94 | 3.01±0.93 | 3.17±0.96 | -1.22 | 0.223 |
Isolation | 2.95±1.05 | 2.87±1.09 | 3.05±0.98 | -1.26 | 0.210 |
Resignation | 3.21±1.13 | 3.15±1.12 | 3.29±1.13 | -0.88 | 0.381 |
Defense mechanisms |
MEQ |
||
---|---|---|---|
Total (n=207) | Male (n=122) | Female (n=85) | |
Immature defense style | -0.23** | -0.16 | -0.26* |
Acting out | -0.15* | -0.13 | -0.12 |
Projection | -0.14 | -0.12 | -0.13 |
Splitting | -0.19** | -0.03 | -0.37** |
Fantasy | -0.22** | -0.24** | -0.13 |
Passive aggression | -0.10 | -0.02 | -0.20 |
Consumption | -0.18* | -0.09 | -0.23* |
Adaptive defense style | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
Denial | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
Humor | 0.03 | 0.05 | -0.03 |
Omnipotence | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 |
Sublimation | 0.06 | -0.02 | 0.11 |
Self-inhibiting defense style | -0.14* | -0.11 | -0.18 |
Suppression | -0.13 | -0.11 | -0.16 |
Reaction formation | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
Withdrawal | -0.22** | -0.19* | -0.28** |
Undoing | -0.02 | 0.08 | -0.07 |
Conflict-avoiding defense style | -0.12 | -0.06 | -0.15 |
Isolation | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.09 |
Resignation | -0.15* | -0.11 | -0.18 |
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