Chronobiol Med > Volume 1(2); 2019 > Article |
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Conflicts of Interest
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Woo Jung Kim, Suk Kyoon An, Kee Namkoong, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim, Eun Lee. Data curation: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Eun Chae Choi, Eun Lee. Formal analysis: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Eun Lee. Funding acquisition: Suk Kyoon An, Kee Namkoong, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim, Eun Lee. Investigation: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Suk Kyoon An, Kee Namkoong, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim, Eun Lee. Methodology: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Eun Lee. Project administration: Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim, Eun Lee. Resources: Suk Kyoon An, Kee Namkoong, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim, Eun Lee. Software: Eun Chae Choi, Eun Lee. Supervision: Suk Kyoon An, Kee Namkoong, Eun Lee. Validation: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Eun Lee. Visualization: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Eun Lee. Writing—original draft: See Woo Kim, Kyung Mee Park, Eun Lee. Writing—review & editing: Kyung Mee Park, Suk Kyoon An, Kee Namkoong, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim, Eun Lee.
Variables | Total (n=235) |
---|---|
Age (yrs) | 75.0±6.22 |
Sex, female | 158 (67.2) |
Education (yrs) | 2.71± 1.47 |
Low education (≤6 yrs) | 184 (78.3) |
Perceived economic status, lower third | 88 (37.4) |
Current job status, no | 86 (36.6) |
Current smoking, yes | 14 (6.0) |
Current drinking, yes | 41 (17.4) |
Psychiatric past history (SCID) | 16 (6.8) |
Current psychiatric illness (SCID) | 21 (8.9) |
Current depression (CES-D≥16) | 61 (26.0) |
Interference by pain (>1/week) | 77 (32.8) |
Cognitive impairment (MMSE-DS)* | 40 (17.0) |
Sleep initiation difficulty (latency >30 min) | 93 (39.6) |
Total sleep time (min) | 374.51±120.47 |
Anger out (STAXI-K) | 11.24±3.57 |
Anger in (STAXI-K) | 14.38±4.20 |
Anger control (STAXI-K) | 26.00±5.31 |
Poor sleep quality (≥2 of PSQI component 1) | 55 (23.4) |
Severe perceived stress (PSS≥27) | 8 (3.4) |
* MMSE-DS score was adjusted MMSE score by sex, age, educational level [17].
SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV TR, CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, MMSE-DS: Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening, STAXI-K: Korean adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSS: Perceived Stress Scale.