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Chronobiol Med > Volume 6(3); 2024 > Article
Chronobiology in Medicine 2024;6(3):104-108.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0019    Published online September 30, 2024.
Could Timed Targeting of the Circadian-Controlled NLRP3 Inflammasome Be a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment of COVID-19–Induced Encephalitis?
Ugochukwu Chukwunyere 
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin-10, Türkiye
Correspondence:  Ugochukwu Chukwunyere, Tel: 90-5338823653, 
Email: ugochukwu.chukwunyere@neu.edu.tr
Received: 4 July 2024   • Revised: 14 August 2024   • Accepted: 15 August 2024
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has several manifestations including neurological complications like encephalitis. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, which are regulated by the circadian clock genes, are key signaling proteins that detect pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors and activate the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and -18 (IL-1β and IL-18). The disruption of circadian rhythms following SARS-CoV-2 binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the capillary endothelium could lead to hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, contributing to an enhanced inflammatory response in the central nervous system, thereby increasing susceptibility to or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced encephalitis. This review highlights the role of the circadian-controlled NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced encephalitis and suggests targeting the NLRP3 circadian axis for timely intervention as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of COVID-19-induced encephalitis.
Key Words: Circadian rhythm; NLRP3 inflammasome; BMAL1; SARS-CoV-2; Encephalitis
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